Fig. 2: Comparison of early replication of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract.

Comparison of replication of SARS-CoV-2 for intranasal (I.N.), aerosol and fomite inoculated hamsters at 1 day post inoculation (DPI) by immunohistochemistry (N = 4). a–c SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in ciliated epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa (200x; bar = 100 µm). d Nasal mucosa from a control hamster (200x; bar = 100 µm). e–g SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection throughout tracheal ciliated epithelial cells (400x; bar = 50 µm). h Normal tracheal mucosa from a control hamster. i SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection focused on terminal bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces (40x; bar = 500 µm). j Lack of SARS-CoV-2 in epithelial cells with strong antigen detection noted in pulmonary macrophages (inset) (40x; bar = 500 µm). k Lack of SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection throughout the lung (40x; bar = 500 µm). l Normal lung from control hamster (40x; bar = 500 µm). m Quantitative comparison of antigen detection for lung (type I and type II pneumocytes, macrophages (mos), mucosa of the trachea and skull sections (olfactory and ciliated epithelium of the nasal turbinates) at 1 day post inoculation for I.N., aerosol, fomite, and control groups.