Fig. 1: Anterior chamber is enlarged, IOP elevated, and AqH dynamics altered in Glis1-KO mice.

a Representative MRI images from 2.5-month-old WT and Glis1-KO mice showing the increased size of the anterior chamber in Glis1-KO mice compared to WT. The upper two images are in vivo images acquired by dynamic contrast enhancement in the eye. The lower four images are coronal and sagittal sections of eyes from fixed specimen stained with gadolinium using active staining. The anterior chamber is outlined by the dotted line. Scale bar = 2 mm. b, c Comparison of IOP levels in male (b) and female (c) WT (squares) and Glis1-KO (circles) mice as a function of age. Male mice examined: at 1 and 2 months (n = 3); 3 (n = 5); 4 and 7 (n = 8); 5 (n = 6); 6, 11, and 12 months (n = 7). For female mice: 1 and 2 months (n = 10); 3–7, 9, and 10 months (n = 4); 8 (n = 5); 11 and 12 months (n = 3). IOP data from left and right eyes were combined and 4 IOP measurements/eye/time points were performed; thus, a total of 24–80 measurements at each time point. Data are represented as means ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed with a two-tailed Student’s t test. *p < 10⁻⁵. The dotted line indicates basal IOP level in 1–3-month-old mice. d AqH dynamics was examined by Gd-enhanced MRI over a 2 h period. Percent of Gd signal enhancement was determined and plotted. Left eye of 2-month-old WT mice (n = 3; black line) and Glis1-KO mice (n = 4; red line) was treated topically with saline and the right eye of Glis1-KO mice with Ripasudil (0.04%) (n = 4; blue line). Data are represented as means ± SD). Statistical analyses were performed with a two-tailed Student’s t test. *p < 10⁻²; **p < 10⁻³; ***p < 10⁻⁴.