Table 1 Experimental details and results.
From: MEG source imaging detects optogenetically-induced activity in cortical and subcortical networks
Study | Stim type | Stim pattern | Stim power (mW) | Pulse duration (ms) | Train duration (s) | ISI (s) | Duty cycle (%) | Fiber diameter (μm) | Stim location | Monkey ID | Laterality | Anatomic location of peak | Analysis type | Window | Bandwidth | Voxel Size (mm) | Pseudo-t score | Figure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visual | Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Left | Optic tract | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–35 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | ||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Left | Lateral geniculate | Dual state | ±50 ms | 20–50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Left | Superior colliculus | Dual state | ±50 ms | 20–60 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Right | Arcuate cortex | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–120 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Left | Anterior commissure | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–35 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Right | Posterior hippocampus | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–55 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | Right | Posterior white matter tracts | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–60 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | left | Secondary visual cortex, V2 | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–65 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | left | Dorsal aspects of V1 | Dual state | ±50 ms ms | 20–45 Hz | 0.75 | 0.7 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | right | Dorsal aspects of V1 | Dual state | ±50 ms | 20–45 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left retina | M1 | left | Primary visual cortex, V1 | Dual state | ±75 ms | 12–65 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Visual | 10 ms pulse | n.a. | 10 | 6 | n.a. | n.a. | Left Retina | M1 | left | Occipital cortex | Dual state | ±50 ms | 20–45 Hz | 0.75 | 0.5 | |||
Voxel size | Opto | 50 ms square pulse | 9.53 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±75 ms | 15–35 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | ||
Opto | 50 ms square pulse | 9.53 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate | Dual state | ±75 ms | 15–35 Hz | 1 | 0.6 | |||
Opto | 50 ms square pulse | 9.53 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate | Dual state | ±75 ms | 15–35 Hz | 1.5 | 0.5 | |||
Opto | 50 ms square pulse | 9.53 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Unable to detect peak | Dual state | ±75 ms | 15–35 Hz | 2 | N/A | ||||
Cortical stimulation | Opto | 50 ms square pulse | 9.53 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±75 ms | 15–35 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | ||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±3.5 s | DC-20 Hz | 0.75 | 0.5 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±3.5 s | 20–50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.7 | |||
Opto | 10 ms square pulse | 28 | 10 | 6 | 0.17 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±600 ms | 3–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.2 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Arcuate peak | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 10 ms square pulse | 28 | 10 | 6 | 0.17 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Virtual electrode | 1–30 Hz | |||||||
Hippocampal stimulation | Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Hippocampus, CA3 | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 1.7 | ||
Opto | ramp pulse | 9.53 | 150 | 6 | <2.5 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Hippocampus, CA3 | Dual state | ±150 ms | 8–45 Hz | 0.75 | 0.8 | |||
Opto | 10 ms square | 9.53 | 10 | 6 | 0.17 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Hippocampus, CA3 | Dual state | ±150 ms | 7–85 Hz | 0.75 | 0.2 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Hippocampus, CA3 | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 1 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Hippocampus, CA3 | Dual state | ±2 s | 20–55 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | |||
Opto | ramp pulse | 9.53 | 150 | 6 | <2.5 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Virtual electrode | 1–35 Hz | |||||||
Mapping CSPTC | Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Anterior bank of the arcuate sulcus | Dual state | ±1 s | DC-12 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Corona radiata/dorsolateral tip of the caudate n. | Dual state | ±4 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.5 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Caudate n. | Dual state | ±2.5 s | DC-50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.7 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Putamen/external segment of globus pallidus | Dual state | ±4 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.5 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Left | Posterior bank of contralateral (left) arcuate sulcus | Dual state | ±3 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Globus pallidus | Dual state | ±4 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Ventroposterior n. of thalamus | Dual state | ±4 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Medial dorsal n. of thalamus | Dual state | ±4 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Ventral posterior thalamus | Dual state | ±3.5 s | DC-20 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Right | Parietal-occipital association area of the intraparietal sulcus | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Caudate n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Corona radiata | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Thalamus | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Caudate n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Posterior dorsal bank of the arcuate sulcus | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Thalamus | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Thalamus | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Posterior ventral bank of arcuate sulcus | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Corpus callosum | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Caudate n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Caudate n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Mesencephalic nuclei | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Deep mesencephalic n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Substantia nigra | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Tegmental n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | Right | Pontine or mesencephalic n. | Dual state | ±200 ms | 5–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 28 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 10 | 200 | Right arcuate cortex | M2 | rRight | Primary motor cortex | Dual state | ±300 ms | 4–70 Hz | 0.75 | 0.2 | ||
Hippocampal mapping | Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Insular proisocortex/ temporopolar proisocortex | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2.3 | ||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Pra-insular cortex | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2.4 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Dorsolateral amygdala | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Bsolateral/lateral amygdala | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Hippocampus* | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 1.7 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Parasubiculum/presubiculum of hippocampus | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 1.6 | |||
Opto | 20 Hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Right | Hippocampus | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2.6 | |||
Opto | 20 hz pulse train | 9.53 | 4 | 60 | 8 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M3 | Left | Pontine reticular activating formation | Dual state | ±4 s | 10–30 Hz | 0.75 | 2 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Insula | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 1 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | PGa/IPa association areas of temporal cortex | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 1 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Hippocampus | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 1 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Red n. | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Area TEA/TEM of temporal cortex | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 1 | |||
Opto | 8 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Right | Area TL/TFM of right temporal cortex | Dual state | ±2 s | DC-15 Hz | 0.75 | 0.9 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Anterior hippocampus | Dual state | ±1.5 s | 20–50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.9 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Hippocampus* | Dual state | ±2 s | 20–55 Hz | 0.75 | 0.6 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Deep mesencephalic n. | Dual state | ±2 s | 20–55 Hz | 0.75 | 0.7 | |||
Opto | 40 Hz sine wave | 8.09 | 3 | 6 | 50 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Left | Pulvinar n. of thalamus | Dual state | ±1.5 s | 20–50 Hz | 0.75 | 0.4 | |||
Postmortem stimulation | No stim | Empty room | Power spectral density overlay of all channels from DC-600 Hz | |||||||||||||||
No stim | No stimuation | 400 | M1 | Power spectral density overlay of all channels from DC-600 Hz | ||||||||||||||
Opto | 300 ms square waves | 9.53 | 300 | 1 | 30 | 400 | CA3 of left hippocampus | M1 | Power spectral density overlay of all channels from DC-600 Hz | |||||||||
Opto | 300 ms square waves | 9.53 | 300 | 1 | 30 | 400 | Right arcuate cortex | M1 | Power spectral density overlay of all channels from DC-600 Hz |
