Fig. 6: Phanerozoic mass extinctions with evidence of increased microbial abundances.
From: Lethal microbial blooms delayed freshwater ecosystem recovery following the end-Permian extinction
Inferred minor/local or moderate/regional microbial abundances may be in part due to inadequate data coverage. Extinction event types from ref. 59. Data sources: late early Cambrian (c. 509 Ma)63,85,86; end-Ordovician (c. 445 Ma)63,87; Lau Event (c. 424 Ma)64; Late Devonian (c. 372 Ma)62,63; Hangenberg Event (c. 359 Ma)62,63; end-Guadalupian (c. 260 Ma)19,88; end-Permian (c. 252 Ma)10,16,37,44,47,49,50,51,52,53,54,63,89; end-Triassic (c. 183 Ma)60,64,90,91,92; Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (c. 183 Ma)93,94,95; Cretaceous OAE 1a (c. 123 Ma)96; Cretaceous OAE 2 (c. 94 Ma)96,97,98,99,100,101,102; end-Cretaceous (c. 66 Ma)62,63,69,70,103,104,105; Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (c. 56 Ma)61,106,107,108,109; Holocene1,2,110,111. Ed. = Ediacaran, Ma = millions of years ago, Ne. = Neoproterozoic, Neog. = Neogene, OAE = oceanic anoxic event, PETM = Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, Q = Quaternary.
