Table 2 Tissue specificity for replicated genes encoding drug targets.

From: Validation of lipid-related therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease prevention using human genetics

Drug target gene

LDL-C (OR, 95% CI)

HDL-C (OR, 95% CI)

Triglycerides (OR, 95% CI)

Tissue specificity index (tau)

Top tissues (Z-score > 1)

APOA5

2.05 (1.4–3.02)*

0.72 (0.6–0.87)* 

1.21 (1.12–1.31)*

1.00

Liver

SLC12A3

1.94 (1.43–2.63)*

0.89 (0.86–0.93)*

0.75 (0.24–2.33)

0.98

Kidney

CEACAM16

1.66 (1.31–2.11)*

0.46 (0.27–0.79)*

0.56 (0.25–1.27)

0.98

Pancreas, tonsil

APOC3

2.04 (1.72–2.42)*

0.67 (0.58–0.78)*

1.26 (1.12–1.41)*

0.95

Liver

APOA4

1.51 (1.23–1.86)*

0.53 (0.38–0.74)*

1.27 (1.14–1.43)*

0.94

Small intestine, colon, duodenum

APOB

1.5 (1.18–1.9)*

1.23 (0.72–2.12)

0.53 (0.29–0.98)*

0.94

Liver, small intestine

APOA1

1.88 (1.49–2.36)*

0.84 (0.63–1.11)

1.25 (1.12–1.4)*

0.93

Liver, small intestine

NPC1L1

2.01 (1.48–2.73)*

2.56 (0.75–8.68)

0.92

Small intestine, colon, duodenum, liver

GPR61

1.97 (1.56–2.5)*

3.02 (0.77–11.91)

5.14 (1.43–18.48)*

0.91

Cerebral cortex, adrenal gland, eye, thyroid gland

PCSK9

1.6 (1.45–1.77)*

0.87

Liver, lung, pancreas

APOC1

1.31 (1.22–1.41)*

0.39 (0.25–0.59)*

0.51 (0.17–1.47)

0.85

Liver

CETP

1.49 (1.29–1.72)*

0.91 (0.87–0.95)*

1.98 (1.63–2.4)*

0.76

Lymph node, liver, placenta, spleen

ADAMTS13

11.18 (4.37–28.59)*

-

0.72

Liver

CILP2

1.19 (1.01–1.39)*

1.18 (1.0–1.39)*

0.71

Testis, gallbladder, ovary, thyroid gland

LPL

0.63 (0.49–0.82)*

1.68 (1.46–1.92)*

0.68

Adipose tissue, breast, heart muscle, seminal vesicle

APOE

1.3 (1.2–1.41)*

0.39 (0.26–0.59)*

0.5 (0.17–1.45)

0.58

Liver, adrenal gland

CELSR2

1.97 (1.78–2.18)*

0.06 (0.04–0.09)*

0.58

Cerebral cortex, fallopian tube, skin

ALDH1A2

0.89 (0.81–0.99)*

1.28 (1.07–1.54)*

0.55

Endometrium, blood, cervix, uterine, fallopian tube, eye, seminal vesicle, testis

ANGPTL4

0.48 (0.28–0.83)*

3.38 (1.02–11.22)* 

0.50

Liver, adipose tissue, breast, cerebral cortex, pancreas

PVR

1.31 (1.12–1.54)* †

0.32 (0.11–0.91)*

0.45

Liver, heart muscle

NDUFA13

1.63 (1.13– 2.35)*

1.18 (1.0–1.39)*

0.43

Testis, blood, heart muscle, skeletal muscle

CARM1

2.27 (1.68–3.05)*

0.38

Skeletal muscle

VEGFA

-

0.22 (0.15–0.3)*

4.16 (2.45–7.08)*

0.33

Thyroid gland, endometrium, heart muscle, liver, skeletal muscle, urinary bladder

SIK3

1.15 (0.57–2.31)

0.46 (0.29–0.73)*

1.08 (0.98–1.18)

0.27

Cerebral cortex, ovary, parathyroid gland, testis, thyroid gland

TMED1

2.06 (1.5–2.83)*

0.26

Blood, heart muscle, liver, placenta, skeletal muscle

PSMA5

2.47 (1.8–3.39)* 

0.08 (0.02–0.29)*

0.23

Liver, cerebral cortex, kidney, skeletal muscle, thyroid gland

SMARCA4

2.22 (1.98–2.49)*

0.01 (0.0–0.02)*

0.19

Cerebral cortex, bone marrow, esophagus, skeletal muscle, skin, testis, tonsil

RPL7A

2.29 (1.57–3.36)*

0.19

Salivary gland, endometrium, lymph node, ovary, pancreas

  1. The tau value is a measure of tissue specificity with values between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates high specificity for a single tissue. The tissue(s) with the highest expression of the gene is indicated in the top tissue column. OR odds ratio of CHD per 1-standard deviation increase in LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides; CI confidence interval.
  2. *Indicates significance in the discovery analysis.
  3. Indicates significance in both original and validation study and concordant direction of effect.