Fig. 4: Characterization and performance of mPG-12@PP separator for Na || Cu cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Characterization and performance of mPG-12@PP separator for Na || Cu cells.

From: Achieving stable Na metal cycling via polydopamine/multilayer graphene coating of a polypropylene separator

Fig. 4: Characterization and performance of mPG-12@PP separator for Na || Cu cells.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Top-view SEM image and photograph (inset) of bare PP separator. b Top-view SEM image and photograph (inset) of mPG-12@PP separator. c Cross-section SEM image of mPG-12@PP separator. d Contact angles of the electrolyte on bare PP (top) and mPG-12@PP (bottom) separators. e Coulombic efficiencies of Na || Cu cells with mPG-12@PP, nPG@PP and PP separators tested at 0.5 mA cm–2, 0.5 mAh cm–2. f Voltage-capacity curves during Na nucleation with different separators. g Coulombic efficiencies of Na || Cu cells with mPG-12@PP and PP separators measured at 8.0 mA cm–2, 8.0 mAh cm–2. Scale bars: a, b 1 μm, and c 10 μm.

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