Fig. 2: Electric fields of toroidal and supertoroidal light pulses.
From: Supertoroidal light pulses as electromagnetic skyrmions propagating in free space
a, b The isoline plots of the electric field in the x–z plane for a the fundamental TLP, Re[Eθ(r, t = 0)], and b the STLP of α = 5, \(\,{{\mbox{Re}}}\,[{E}_{\theta }^{(\alpha = 5)}({{{{{\bf{r}}}}}},t=0)]\), in logarithmic scale. The bold black lines represent the zero-value singular lines. The dashed purple lines represent the positions of propagation distance corresponding to the transverse plots at right side. Panels a1–a3 and b1–b3 show the electric field distributions in the transverse planes. The field magnitude is plotted as contours (in logarithmic scale), while the field orientation is presented by arrow plots. Electric field zeros are marked by the black solid bold lines and black dots. Blue and red arrows represent the two opposite azimuthal directions of the electric fields. Unit for coordinates: q1.
