Fig. 6: Select high-impact metabolites and pathways in circulating blood and their enterohepatic transport.

a Variable importance plot of top 50 serum metabolites (y-axis) ranked by contribution to mean decrease accuracy of Gini coefficient (x-axis) in the random forest model for discerning group difference. b Diagram summary of perturbed serum pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and metabolism. c, d MetaMapp metabolomic networks of 88 metabolite pairs altered in feces (c) and serum (d), with nodes representing individual metabolites, edges for biochemical (KEGG reactant pairs) and chemical (Tanimoto coefficient > 0.7) relationships, and lower transparency for lower adjusted p values (<0.05, two-sided Welch’s t-test). TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide, PS phosphatidylserine, Phe L-phenylalanine, Tyr L-tyrosine, Trp L-tryptophan, Kyn L-kynurenine, AA anthranilate, IAA indole-3-acetate, IPA indole-3-propionate, ILA indole-3-lactate, IArcA indole-3-acrylate, I3A indole-3-carboxaldehyde, Shikimate 3-P shikimate 3-phosphate, DHICA 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate, AKG α-ketoglutarate, L-DOPA L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, SULT sulfotransferase, CYP450 cytochrome 450, TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.