Fig. 1: Regional setting and core locations.
From: Enhanced North Pacific subtropical gyre circulation during the late Holocene
Sediment cores are situated across (a) the North Pacific and Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP, outlined by the 28 °C isotherms in orange lines) and (b) central and northern Okinawa Trough (sites 1–6 as labeled in Supplementary Table 1, and used for probabilistic stack in Fig. 2b), against long-term (1955–2012 AD) annual mean sea surface temperature (SST, color scale)2. Position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (pink dashed line) and surface currents (colorful arrows) are sketched, including the Kuroshio Current (KC) and its downstream branches (namely the Yellow sea warm current (YSWC) and Tsushima warm current (TWC)), Kuroshio Extension (KE), California Current (CC), Davidson Current (DC), and Alaska Current (AC). Star marks the sample site for lake sediment core from Palau23, and black dots underline the sites at which the results are presented in the main text (while cycles are those only provided as further reference in Supplementary Figs. 1–2).
