Fig. 2: Multiple independent acquisitions of multicuspid teeth and plant consumption are found across squamate phylogeny.
From: Multiple evolutionary origins and losses of tooth complexity in squamates
Known and maximum likelihood ancestral state reconstructions of the number of cusps (branch colours) and diet (node pie charts and branch tip small circles) in squamates. Pie charts indicate the most ancient nodes with >50% combined relative likelihood for omnivorous and herbivorous diets; also shown are the first nodes with >50% relative likelihood for herbivory within already omnivorous clades. Branch tip circles indicate omnivorous/herbivorous species. Six major clades show independent originations of multicuspid teeth: 1: Gerrhosauridae (node 616; see Supplementary Fig. 1). 2: Teiioidea + Polyglyphanodontia (informally Teiioidea sensu lato; node 686). 3: total group Lacertidae (informally Lacertidae sensu lato; node 740). 4: Chamaeleonidae (node 930). 5: non-Uromastycinae agamids (informally Agamidae sensu stricto; node 949). 6: total group Pleurodonta (node 971). Independent originations of plant consumption (isolated terminal branches not included): 1’: unnamed clade including the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) to Correlophus ciliatus and Rhacodactylus auriculatus and all its descendants (node 563). 2’: Cordyloidea (node 609). 3’: unnamed clade including the MRCA to Eumeces schneideri and Scincus scincus and all its descendants (node 652). 4’: Chalcides (node 657). 5’: Egerniinae (node 674). 6’: unnamed clade including the MRCA to Polyglyphanodon sternbergi and Teius teyou and all its descendants (node 688). 7’: Gallotia (node 750). 8’: Podarcis (node 765). 9’: crown Acrodonta (node 929). 10’: total group Pleurodonta (node 971). P: Permian. Tr: Triassic. J: Jurassic. K: Cretaceous. Pg: Paleogene. Ng: Neogene. Scalebar = 10 million years. Silhouettes: Phylopic (http://phylopic.org) courtesy of T. Michael Keesey (from a photograph by Frank Glaw, Jörn Köhler, Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences, used without modification, CC-BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), Michael Scroggie (CC0 1.0), Alex Slavenko (CC0 1.0), and Jack Meyer Wood (CC0 1.0), and F.L. after Dick Culbert (silhouette drawn from photograph, CC-BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en), Scott Robert Ladd (silhouette drawn from photograph, CC-BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), and Darren Naish (used with permission); see Methods for full license information.
