Fig. 3: Changes in three seasonality components of annual-mean latitude of tropical cyclone all-track-points.

a Decompositions of annual-mean latitude of all-track-points by three seasonality contributing components, representing the effects of departures (from the respective time means) of monthly relative frequency (\({\delta }_{{P}^{{\prime} }}\), black), monthly latitude (\({\delta }_{{{\mathrm Lat}}^{{\prime} }}\), blue) and the covariance of the two terms (\({\delta }_{{P}^{{\prime} }{{\mathrm {Lat}}}^{{\prime} }}\), red), respectively, over 1979–2018, in the Best Track ensemble mean. b as a, but in the ERA-Interim TC dataset. Dashed lines represent the linear trend, with shading showing 95% confidence interval for the linear fit; the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation effects are removed by a multivariate regression; latitude is converted to distance from the equator (km).