Fig. 4: Patterns of association between genetic and geographic distances among tropical and subtropical populations.
From: Microevolutionary dynamics show tropical valleys are deeper for montane birds of the Atlantic Forest
a Plot of the residuals of a linear model between the normalized Euclidean genetic distance and species, as a function of geographic distance for 21 species of birds restricted to the Atlantic Forest sky islands (regression line: p value <0.0001; R2 = 0.32). Colors represent pairwise comparisons within and between mountain regions and color gradients represent the density of points. Geographic distance in kilometers (Km) Effective dispersal in meters per generation for populations occurring in the tropical and subtropical mountains of the Atlantic Forest obtained with the Bidimensional Stepping Stone Model (BSSM); b Migrations between localities were scaled by the linear spatial distances (n = 16 species pairs); c Migrations were not scaled by distances (see Methods for more details) (n = 16 species pairs). The boxplots are composed of the median (center), the first and third quartiles (lower and upper hinges), and the 1.5 * IQR from the hinge (where IQR is the interquartile range; upper and lower whiskers). Lines connect populations of the same species. p = P value obtained with a two-sided nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Source data are provided in Supplementary Tables 5 and 6.
