Fig. 7: Schematic illustration of the working mechanism of PA/WO3 photocatalysis for the selective PCD.

a WO3 is coated with periodic acid (PA) to form PA/WO3. b In situ surface water layer is formed due to the hygroscopic property of PA in ambient air while the periodate ions (IO4−) in the in situ water layer serve as efficient electron acceptors. c Under visible light, the photogenerated electrons are rapidly scavenged by IO4− while holes produce •OH radicals which subsequently degrade hydrophilic VOCs dissolved into the in situ water layer. However, hydrophobic VOCs remain intact during photocatalysis due to the “water barrier effect”.