Fig. 1: Encapsulating OCs with TC.
From: Engineered osteoclasts as living treatment materials for heterotopic ossification therapy
a Schematic of the structure of TC-OCs, and the working principle for their use as a bionic treatment for HO. b Representative images of TRAP staining (n = 5 independent experiments) of mature OCs after trypsin digestion. Bar: 300 µm. c Quantitative analysis of cell viability under different TC solution concentrations (n = 5 independent experiments). d Representative flow cytometry analysis of naive OCs and TC-OCs (160 µg/ml). e Flow cytometry analysis of OC cell surfaces positive for TC coating (n = 3 independent samples per group, ****p < 0.0001). Statistical comparisons were made with unpaired t-tests. f IR analyses of the TC reaction with OC membranes. g Fluorescence detection of OCs, TC-OCs (0 day), and TC-OCs (4 days) by CLSM, showing TC (green), cell membrane (PKH26, red), and the nucleus (Hoechst33258, blue, n = 3 independent cells per group). Bar, 20 µm. h, i Representative TEM micrograph of OCs/TC-OCs on the bovine cortical bone slice surface. Red asterisk, OCs; black arrow, resorption pit (n = 3 bone slices/group). Bar, 10 µm. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
