Fig. 5: Results of the 3d simulation—salinity, zonal velocity, and vorticity.

a, b Latitude-depth plots of zonal mean salinity (g/kg) and zonal velocity (cm s⁻¹). c Vorticity (s⁻¹) and velocity field (arrows) at the ocean surface, as a function of longitude and latitude, demonstrating the rotational fluid velocity around the Taylor columns.