Fig. 6: Encoding-retrieval similarity of item-specific patterns of top–down control.

A Item-specific encoding-retrieval similarity of remembered (blue) and forgotten (red) to-be-forgotten (TBF) items based on transfer entropy. Left: top–down control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)→ lateral temporal cortex (LTC)), right: bottom–up connectivity (LTC→DLPFC). Double asterisks indicate significance at the 0.01 level (n = 10; two-sided paired t test [p = 0.005] and two-sided one-sample t test [p = 0.004]). B Item-specific encoding-retrieval similarity of top–down control patterns for various interregional delays. Shaded error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. C Overall transfer entropy values during retrieval. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.