Fig. 3: Three-dimensional tracking of a single SiO2 nanosphere and determination of its diffusivity.

a Cavity transmission signal T/T0 with the three evaluated transverse modes TEM00, TEM01, and TEM10 indicated. Inset: Schematic illustration of the complementary spatial regions covered by the modes. b Time trace of frequency shifts of the three modes. c Sketch of particle positions at different times depicted in (b). d Evaluated positions by taking the mean position at a given time. e Three-dimensional representation of the position tracking. f Calculated position-dependent localization uncertainty. g Mean squared displacement (MSD) for the single transit event shown in d and the MSD averaged over five single nanoparticle transit events (inset). The black error bars represent the statistical error (×10 for visibility) and the red line is a weighted linear fit.