Table 1 Categories of non-Abelian topological charges in four-band models.

From: Four-band non-Abelian topological insulator and its experimental realization

\({Q}_{16}\): Clifford-basis label

\({Q}_{16}\): Band index label

Eigenvalues: \(\left({\lambda }_{1},{\lambda }_{2},{\lambda }_{3},{\lambda }_{4}\right)\)

\(\,\left\{+1\right\},\left\{-1\right\}\)

\(\left\{+1\right\},\left\{-1\right\}\)

\(\left({{{1,1,1,1}}}\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm {e}_{1}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{12}\right\}\)

\(\left(-1,-{{{1,1,1}}}\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm {e}_{2}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{13}\right\}\)

\(\left({{-{1,1}}},-{{{1,1}}}\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm {e}_{3}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{14}\right\}\)

\(\left(-{{{1,1,1}}},-1\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm{e}_{1}{e}_{2}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{23}\right\}\)

\(\left({{1,-1,-1}},1\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm{e}_{1}{e}_{3}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{24}\right\}\)

\(\left({{{1,-1,1}}},-1\right)\)

\(\left\{\pm{e}_{2}{e}_{3}\right\}\)

\(\left\{\pm {q}_{34}\right\}\)

\(\left({{{1,1,-1}}},-1\right)\)

\(\,\left\{+{e}_{1}{e}_{2}{e}_{3}\right\},\left\{-{e}_{1}{e}_{2}{e}_{3}\right\}\)

\(\,\left\{+{q}_{1234}\right\},\left\{-{q}_{1234}\right\}\)

\(\,\left(-1,-1,-1,-1\right)\)

  1. The three categories can be further decomposed into 10 conjugacy classes forming the generalized quaternion group \({Q}_{16}\). For the four-band system separated by three bandgaps, if we label each band with Zak phases of \(0\) or \(\pi\), then there are \({2}^{3}=8\) possibilities, corresponding to the eight different eigenvalue sets. There are two classes that go beyond the Zak phase description9.