Fig. 2: Reduced coastal protection costs with annotations for the top 10 countries. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Reduced coastal protection costs with annotations for the top 10 countries.

From: Cutting the costs of coastal protection by integrating vegetation in flood defences

Fig. 2: Reduced coastal protection costs with annotations for the top 10 countries.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Potential levee cost reduction by coastal vegetation per country in billion USD2005 PPP. b Potential levee cost reduction by coastal vegetation in urban areas per country as percentage of GDP2005. Values in these maps apply to a 100-year protection standard and a ‘Medium’ levee unit cost scenario. Non-benefiting countries are indicated with light grey colour. Map is created with Python 3.8.10 (https://python.org) using Cartopy (v0.18.0. Met Office UK. https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Cartopy/0.18.0), GeoPandas v0.8.1 (https://geopandas.org), Matplotlib v3.3.497 and GADM v2 (https://gadm.org) administrative boundaries.

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