Fig. 2: Mechanical properties of the FCNSs.

a σ–ε curves of FCNS70 during buckling-recovery cycles with increasing ε amplitude. b A 1000-cycle bending fatigue test with ε = 60%. c Compressive σ versus ε curves during loading–unloading cycles with increasing ε amplitude. d A 1000-cycle fatigue test with compressive ε of 60%. Photographs of FCNS70 under e a buckling-recovery cycle and f a compressing and releasing cycle. g The relative Young’s modulus of selected cellular materials with low densities. h In situ SEM observations and i corresponding structure diagram of the FCNS70 under compression and release, focusing on a small piece.