Fig. 5: Sound absorption properties of sandwiched FCNSs.

a Optical and b–d SEM images of sandwiched FCNSs showing the macroscopic continuity and fluffy–dense–fluffy microscopic structure. Absolute sound pressure distribution of e FCNS-5, f FCNS-18, and g sandwiched FCNSs in 500 Hz. h Airflow resistivity and NRC of FCNS-5, FCNS-18, and sandwiched FCNSs. Error bars represent the standard deviations of three replicates. i The specific surface acoustic impedance and j sound absorption coefficients of FCNS-5, FCNS-18, and sandwiched FCNSs.