Fig. 7: Effects of pre-existing HCoV immunity during SARS-CoV-2 acquisition.
a Time-matched comparison of ABCORA 5.0 reactivity for SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Healthy donors were sampled in May 2020 (N = 653; blue). Plasma from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were collected between April–June 2020 (N = 65; red). See Supplementary Fig. 14 for analysis on the full SARS-CoV-2 positive cohort (N = 389). Gray boxes indicate values above the individual MFI-FOE cut-offs for SARS-CoV-2 specific responses for each antigen. Stars correspond to levels of significance of two-sided t-tests comparing negative versus positive patients. Levels of significance are corrected by the Bonferroni method for multiple testing and indicated as follows: *p < 0.05/12, **p < 0.01/12, ***p < 0.001/12 (IgG HKU1: p = 0.66, IgG OC43: p = 0.45, IgG NL63: p = 3.3 × 10−04, IgG 229E: p = 1.6 × 10−05, IgA HKU1: p = 1.8 × 10−03, IgA OC43: p = 1.3 × 10−05, IgA NL63: p = 1.4 × 10−07, IgA 229E: p = 3.0 × 10−05, IgM HKU1: p = 3.3 × 10−08, IgM OC43: p = 4.3 × 10−03, IgM NL63: p = 1.1 × 10−07, IgM 229E: p = 2.7 × 10−02). Boxplots represent the following: median with the middle line, upper and lower quartiles with the box limits, 1.5x interquartile ranges with the whiskers and outliers with points. b Linear regression models showing the association between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV signals in 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with known dates of first positive RT-PCR detection. Influences within the same antibody class are investigated. The models were adjusted on age (spline with 3 degrees of freedom), gender, time since positive RT-PCR (spline with 3 degrees of freedom) and level of HCoV reactivity. Samples are defined to harbor high HCoV reactivity if they show ABCORA 5.0 HCoV logMFI-FOE values higher than the corresponding median in at least 3 HCoV measurements (HKU1, OC43, NL63 or 229E). Curves correspond to the models estimation and shaded areas to the 95% confidence intervals. p-values were obtained by running a two-sided Student t-test on the parameter associated to HCoV reactivity in the linear regression. c Linear regression model showing the association between SARS-CoV-2 IgG and HCoV IgA signals. Curves correspond to the models estimation and shaded areas to the 95% confidence intervals. p-values were obtained by running a two-sided Student t-test on the parameter associated to HCoV reactivity in the linear regression. d Linear regression model showing the association between SARS-CoV-2 IgG and HCoV IgM signals. Curves correspond to the models estimation and shaded areas to the 95% confidence intervals. p-values were obtained by running a two-sided Student t-test on the parameter associated to HCoV reactivity in the linear regression.
