Fig. 1: RNF19A inhibits HR and increases sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents.

a–b Control and RNF19A knockdown U2OS cells were treated with or without IR (2 Gy), γ-H2AX foci before or 1 h, 8 h, and 24 h after IR was detected by immunofluorescence. Nuclei were visualized with DAPI (blue). Representative images are shown in a. Quantification of focus signals per cell (each dot represents a single cell, n = 100) is shown in b. Error bars represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 μM. c–e The sensitivity of control (Ctrl) and RNF19A knockdown U2OS cells to Olaparib c cisplatin d and IR e was assessed by colony formation assay. Error bars are means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. f–g Control and RNF19A knockdown Clz3 cells, which contains a dual reporter for HR-tdTomato and NHEJ-GFP, were treated with doxycycline (Dox) for 48 h to turn on I-Scel expression and to induce DSBs. Cells were harvested and subjected to FACS analysis. Error bars are means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. h–i Control (Ctrl) or RNF19A knockdown U2OS cells were treated with IR (1 Gy, 1 h for MDC1, 53BP1, FK2, BRCA1, BARD1; 1 Gy, 5 h for RAD51 and 1 Gy, 3 h for RPA32), and indicated foci were detected by immunofluorescence. Nuclei were visualized with DAPI (blue). Representative images are shown h. Quantification of focus signals per cell (each dot represents a single cell, n = 100) is shown in i. Error bars represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 μM. p values are determined by unpaired two-sided t test in b–g and i. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.