Fig. 3: Reversal of Hall motion for the single skyrmion with an opposite topological number.

a, f Schematics of skyrmions with the topological number N_sk of +1 (a) and −1 (f). b–d, g–i Over-focus L-TEM images showing the reversal of Hall-motion direction at RT: b–d for the N_sk = +1 skyrmion at −80 mT (as denoted by \(\otimes\)) and at j = −5.05 × 10¹⁰ A m⁻² and g–i for the N_sk = −1 skyrmion at +50 mT (as denoted by \(\odot\)) and at j = −4.82 × 10¹⁰ A m⁻². The pulsed current flows from right to left as marked by the arrows above (b) and (g). The dashed circles mark the skyrmion positions with the arrows in (d) and (i) indicating the direction of the trajectory. e, j Summary of the skyrmion traces, with the straight lines showing the translational displacement (\(\triangle x\)) and the reversed vertical displacements (\(\triangle y\) in (e) and \(-\triangle y\) in (j)).