Fig. 4: Protonation-modulated dual ECL peaks of t-COF.

a Dual-peaked ECL patterns containing 20 mM TPrA and b CV curves of t-COFs modified GCEs in 0.10 M PBS at different pHs. Inset: CV curves of TPrA on a bare GCE at different pHs. c ECL spectra of t-COF collected in 0.10 M PBS containing 100 mM TPrA at different pHs. d Dependence of the relative ECL efficiency (ΦECL/ΦECL,0) on pHs (the error bars represent the s.d. from triplicate measurements). ΦECL and ΦECL,0 represent the ECL efficiencies of t-COF in given pHs and pH 6.0, respectively. e Structure and f effective electron and hole mass of pristine and protonated t-COF.