Fig. 3: Ppara intestinal KO reduces adiposity, caloric uptake and postprandial lipidaemia on HFD.

a Relative gene expression (qPCR normalized to Tbp) in proximal jejuna of WT C57BL6/J mice on ad libitum chow, HFD and HF-HS (n = 6 mice per group). b Body weight development of Ppara lox/lox (n = 17), Ppara I-KO (n = 15) on HFD. c Daily food intake per mouse, n = 5 cages per group, two mice per cage on HFD. d–f Caloric density of faecal samples (d), daily fecal output (e), and total caloric uptake (calories from food − excreted calories) (f) in HFD mice, n = 5 (lox/lox) or four (I-KO) independent samples, where each sample is a pool of 48 h faeces from two mice in a single cage. g–h Fat pad weights, after four months of HFD (g), n = 14 mice per group from two independent experiments, and after 12 months of HF-HS diet (h), n = 7 (lox/lox) or 9 (I-KO) mice, ingSAT inguinal subcutaneous, pgVAT perigonadal visceral adipose tissue. i Triglyceride content in liver, n = 6 (lox/lox) or eight (I-KO) mice, and representative Oil red O staining of the liver cryosection, scale bar = 100 μm. j Relative gene expression (qPCR normalized to Tbp) in the liver of n = 4–9 (lox/lox) or 6–9 (i-KO) mice pooled from two independent experiments. k LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in plasma of fasted mice, measured by Cobas C111 platform, n = 5 mice per group. l Triglycerides (n = 12 mice per group) and free fatty acids (n = 11 mice per group) in plasma of fasted mice. m, n Plasma triglyceride levels after oral administration of 100 μl of olive oil (m) and corresponding area under the curve (n), Ppara lox/lox n = 10, I-KO n = 13. o Representative H&E staining and villi tracing, scale bar = 200 μm, and average jejunum villus length from n = 12 mice per group (o). b–o Ppara lox/lox and Ppara I-KO are male mice on HFD (diet start at age eight weeks), sacrificed at age 25 weeks, if not indicates otherwise. b, c are representative of three independently repeated experiments, e–o are pool from two experiments. All data represent mean ± S.D, *P ≤ 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 of unpaired two-sided t-test, confidence level 95%. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.