Table 1 Root mean square errors (RMSEs) of energies (meV/atom), forces (meV Å−1) and charges (me) for the datasets introduced in ref. 49.

From: SpookyNet: Learning force fields with electronic degrees of freedom and nonlocal effects

  

2G-BPNN

3G-BPNN

4G-BPNN

SpookyNet

C10H2/C10H\({}_{3}^{+}\)

Energy

1.619

2.045

1.194

0.364

 

Forces

129.5

231.0

78.00

5.802

 

Charges

20.08

6.577

0.117

Na8/9Cl\({}_{8}^{+}\)

Energy

1.692

2.042

0.481

0.135

 

Forces

57.39

76.67

32.78

1.052

 

Charges

20.80

15.83

0.111

Ag\({}_{3}^{+/-}\)

Energy

352.0

320.2

1.323

0.220

 

Forces

1803

1913

31.69

26.64

 

Charges

26.48

9.976

0.459

Au2–MgO

Energy

2.287

0.219

0.107

 

Forces

153.1

66.0

5.337

 

Charges

5.698

1.013

  1. The values for 2G-, 3G-, and 4G-BPNNs are taken from ref. 49. Best results in bold.