Fig. 3: T-cell subsets in the maternal and cord blood of women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their neonates.

a Representative gating strategy used to identify CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and their respective subsets, within the total T-cell population (CD45⁺CD3⁺ cells) in the maternal blood and cord blood from SARS-CoV-2 (+) or control women. b Numbers of CD4⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T_CM, CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺ Th1-like cells, and CXCR3⁺CCR6^- Th1-like cells (upper row); and numbers of CD8⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T_CM, CD8⁺ T_EM, and Tc17-like cells (lower row) in the maternal blood [n = 10 control, 11 SARS-CoV-2 (+)]. c Numbers of CD4⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T_CM, CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺ Th1-like cells, and CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻ Th1-like cells (upper row); and numbers of CD8⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T_CM, CD8⁺ T_EM, and Tc17-like cells (lower row) in the cord blood [n = 9 control, 8 SARS-CoV-2 (+)]. Data are shown as boxplots where midlines indicate medians, boxes indicate interquartile range and whiskers indicate minimum/maximum range. Blue dots indicate control women, light red dots indicate SARS-CoV-2 (+) women, and dark red dots indicate women with severe COVID-19. Differences between groups were evaluated by two-sided Mann–Whitney U-tests, where p < 0.05 is considered significant.