Fig. 4: Geographical distribution and chemolithoautotrophic potential of Ca. Altiarchaeota.

A Global map with locations from which Ca. Altiarchaeota genomes were recovered. B Metabolic potential of Ca. Altiarchaeota genomes. Genomes belonging to the Alti-1 clade are highlighted in dark gray, Alti-2 genomes in beige. If multiple genomes from a specific site were available, they were all used to identify the metabolic potential. The bar chart shows averaged growthpred-predicted minimal generation times across all genotypes recovered from a specific genome, with error bars denoting the averaged standard deviations (growthpred returns both an average minimal generation time and a standard deviation for this value). In addition, the mean minimal generation time for each genome is indicated by black dots. The circled numbers below the heatmap depict the genes identified as markers and stand for (1) codhC, (2) codhD, (3) rubisco form III, (4) fae, (5) fmtf, (6) mtmc, (7) NiFe-Hydrogenase group 4, (8) NiFe-Hydrogenase group 3b, (9) NiFe-Hydrogenase group 1, (10) FeFe-Hydrogenase, (11) hdh, (12) ars. C Phylogeny of Alti-1 genotypes based on 30 universal ribosomal proteins (5136 aa positions, IQTree JTTDCMut+F + G4) and using the Alti-2 genome IMC4 as the outgroup. Branch supports correspond to ultrafast bootstraps⁷⁷ (1000 replicates), the SH-aLRT test⁷⁸ (1000 replicates), and the approximate Bayes test⁹⁷, respectively (a tree with outgroup in Supplementary Fig. 8). Details on Altiarchaeales genomes in Supplementary Table 3.