Fig. 4: Glucose induces pgph-1/pgph-2 gene expression, stimulates Gro3P and glycerol release in a PGPH-dependent manner, and enhances survival to salt stress.

a Relative expression of indicated genes in synchronized L4/young adult WT animals grown on NGM plates or plates supplemented with 2% glucose. Data represent mean ± SEM, six independent experiments. P-values are obtained by two-tailed student’s t-test. b Violin plots representing glycerol levels of WT and pgph-1; pgph-2; pgph-3 synchronized L4/young adults grown on NGM plates or plates supplemented with 2% glucose. On the day of the experiment, the two groups were either treated or not (for control) with 400 mM NaCl for 3 h. Pellets were then collected, washed with M9 buffer with adjusted osmolarities, and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen for glycerol extraction and quantification. In all groups, n = 9. Plots are generated with three biological replicates per group per independent repeat and a total of three independent experiments. Lines in the violin plots represent the median of corresponding groups. P-values are obtained by one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni test. c Relative metabolite levels and ratios of WT and pgph-1; pgph-2; pgph-3 synchronized L4/young adults grown on NGM plates or plates supplemented with 2% glucose. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 8 biological replicates, four biological replicates per group per independent repeat, and two independent experiments. P-values are obtained by one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni test. d-f Survival curves of indicated strains to 400 mM NaCl pretreated or not with 2% glucose. Number of separate experiments, animals, and detailed statistics are shown in Supplementary Data 1. P-values were obtained with two-sided Mantel–Cox test. In all figures: ****P < 0.0001. Data are provided as a Source Data file.