Table 1 Examples of the diverse compositions of many modern alloys.

From: Alloy information helps prioritize material criticality lists

Group designation

Metals typically included

References

Stainless steels

Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Mo

Reardon50, International Stainless Steel Forum51

High-strength low alloy steels

Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Mo

Davis52, Kuziak, Kawalla53

Nickel superalloys

Ni, Al, Cr, Co, Mo, Hf, W, Re

Pollock and Tin17, Long, Mao54

Bulk metallic glasses

Zr, Hf, V, Ti, Be

Kruzic55, Mota, Graedel56

High-entropy alloys

Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe

Tsai and Yeh57, George, Raabe58

Advanced thermoelectrics

Pb, Te, Se, Sb, Ge

Gaultois, Sparks59, He and Tritt60

Shape-memory alloys

Ti, Ni, Cu

Mohd Jani, Leary61, Shelyakov, Sitnikov62

Self-healing alloys

Al, Cu, Mg

Ferguson, Schultz63, van Dijk and van der Zwaag64

  1. Notes: Metals in bold face are deemed critical by both the United States11 and at least one other governmental authority9,12,13,14. Those deemed critical by at least one government except the United States are in italics.
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