Fig. 2: Stability and structure characterization.
From: Robust ultrathin nanoporous MOF membrane with intra-crystalline defects for fast water transport
a X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of ML-UiO-66 before and after 10-day long-term immersion into saline solutions at different temperatures (30, 60, and 90 °C) and different salt concentrations (5, 35, and 95 g L−1). b XRD patterns of ML-UiO-66 after 10-day immersion into aqueous salt solutions with different pH values (1, 5, and11) and different NaClO concentrations (500, 1000, and 5000 ppm). c Comparison of packing density between ZrO2 substrate in this work and other ceramic substrates60,61,62 (*Shandong Industrial Ceramic Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., China, **Great Wall Xinyuan Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., China, # C refers to the number of channels for commercial tubular multi-channel alumina ceramic membranes). d Surface field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), (e) high-magnification cross-sectional image and (f) cross-sectional energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) image (zirconium element: green signal; aluminum element: red signal) of ultrathin ML-UiO-66 membrane after in situ direct growth on lower-roughness ZrO2@γ-Al2O3 substrate with much finer pores (the inset of (d)). g Surface FE-SEM and (h) cross-sectional images of thick ML-UiO-66 membrane with large inter-crystalline defects after in situ direct growth on macro-porous ZrO2 substrate (the inset of (g)). i XRD patterns of ultrathin ML-UiO-66 membrane (on ZrO2@γ-Al2O3 substrate), ML-UiO-66 powder, UiO-66 (calculated), ZrO2@γ-Al2O3 substrate, and ZrO2 substrate.
