Fig. 9: Hormone production and secretion in rectoids.
From: Robust differentiation of human enteroendocrine cells from intestinal stem cells
a Representative immunofluorescence staining of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, green) and CHGA (magenta) in rectoids treated with G14 and G2D12. DNA (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), blue). Scale bar = 50 µm. b Percentage of rectoids with GLP-1 staining in G14 and G2D12. Average results are from three different rectoid lines or passages. ****p < 0.0001. c Representative immunofluorescence staining of peptide YY (PYY, green) and CHGA (magenta) in rectoids treated with G14 and G2D12. DNA (DAPI, blue). Scale bar = 50 µm. d Percentage of rectoids with PYY staining in G14 and G2D12. Average results are from three different rectoid lines or passages. *p = 0.0118. e GLP-1 ELISA of conditioned media from the last two days of differentiation of rectoids grown in G14 and G2D12. Representative experiment showing n = 3 wells from each condition from a single rectoid line. *p = 0.0229. f GLP-1 ELISA of G2D12 conditioned media collected after 24 h on day 13 (solid bar) and after 24 hours with forskolin (Fsk) on day 14 (striped bar). Representative experiment showing n = 3 wells from each condition from a single rectoid line. **p = 0.0061. g PYY ELISA of conditioned media from the last two days of differentiation of rectoids grown in G14 and G2D12. Representative experiment showing n = 3 wells from each condition from a single rectoid line. **p = 0.0056. h PYY ELISA of G2D12 conditioned media collected after 24 h on day 13 (solid bar) and after 24 hours with forskolin (Fsk) on day 14 (striped bar). Representative experiment showing n = 3 wells from each condition from a single rectoid line. ***p = 0.0006. Bars show mean ± SEM; two-tailed unpaired t test (b, d, e, f, g, h). Dotted line at 25 pg/mL represents the lower limit of detection for the GLP-1 ELISA (e, f). Dotted line at 7.3 pg/mL represents the lower limit of detection for the PYY ELISA (g, h). Each experiment repeated with at least three different rectoid lines. Tables above graphs show the total number of rectoids examined per condition. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
