Fig. 3: CO2 emission burdens of RCEP’s tariff reductions.
From: Regional trade agreement burdens global carbon emissions mitigation

a, b, c present the changes and change rates in the amount of CO2 emissions emitted by different economies for the cases, in which the tariffs within the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) bloc declined to the level in year 1, 5, and 10 after the RCEP enters into force, respectively. d presents the corresponding results for the case in which trade in goods among RCEP members is ultimately duty-free. e gives the ratio of economic welfare change to the CO2 emission change rate for RCEP members (Supplementary Table 10). ASEAN denotes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Here, Laos and Myanmar are still classified into the rest of the world (RoW) for the same reason as given in the note of Fig. 1.