Fig. 3: Schematic energy level diagram showing the electronic structure of p-HBDI− in the gas phase (left), in aqueous solution (centre) and in S65T-GFP (right). | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Schematic energy level diagram showing the electronic structure of p-HBDI− in the gas phase (left), in aqueous solution (centre) and in S65T-GFP (right).

From: Liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy of the green fluorescent protein chromophore

Fig. 3

Black arrows represent vertical detachment energies (VDEs). Blue arrows indicate the thresholds for formation of solvated electrons in water, taking VDE = 3.76 eV36. Vertical excitation energies (VEEs) and VDEs for aqueous p-HBDI− are from this work and those for gas-phase p-HBDI− and the S65T-GFP protein are taken from Ref. 28. The VEE of the higher lying electronically excited gateway state proposed to be involved in the formation of solvated electrons in the protein is labelled Sn.

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