Table 5 Vaccine uptake by race and ethnicity according to country of enrollment by economic deprivation.

From: Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom

 

United States

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian

More than one/other

Lower income (Quartile 1)

Number receiving a vaccine/total

3660/15,207

156/937

152/1033

71/421

55/267

Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.0 (ref.)

0.73 (0.62–0.86)

0.99 (0.84–1.18)

0.90 (0.71–1.15)

1.13 (0.85–1.49)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b

1.0 (ref.)

0.75 (0.63–0.89)

0.99 (0.83–1.19)

0.89 (0.69–1.14)

1.07 (0.80–1.43)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c

1.0 (ref.)

0.73 (0.61–0.86)

0.94 (0.79–1.14)

0.90 (0.70–1.16)

1.08 (0.81–1.44)

Higher income (Quartile 4)

Number receiving a vaccine/total

3645/15,599

54/302

115/630

244/1089

53/225

Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.0 (ref.)

0.86 (0.65–1.13)

1.13 (0.93–1.36)

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

1.13 (0.85–1.50)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b

1.0 (ref.)

0.85 (0.64–1.13)

1.15 (0.94–1.39)

1.08 (0.94–1.24)

1.12 (0.84–1.49)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c

1.0 (ref.)

0.83 (0.62–1.11)

1.05 (0.86–1.28)

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

1.09 (0.81–1.45)

 

United Kingdom

White

Black

South Asian

Middle East/East Asian

More than one/other

Lower income (Quartile 1)

Number receiving a vaccine/total

41,761/283,212

455/3904

745/5377

289/2260

459/4524

Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.0 (ref.)

1.12 (1.02–1.23)

1.24 (1.15–1.33)

1.15 (1.02–1.29)

0.97 (0.88–1.06)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b

1.0 (ref.)

1.11 (1.01–1.22)

1.21 (1.12–1.30)

1.15 (1.02–1.29)

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c

1.0 (ref.)

0.97 (0.89–1.07)

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

1.05 (0.94–1.18)

0.90 (0.82–0.99)

Higher income (Quartile 4)

Number receiving a vaccine/total

29,993/192,710

111/863

345/2250

136/1063

224/2018

Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.0 (ref.)

1.18 (0.98–1.42)

1.32 (1.19–1.47)

0.99 (0.83–1.17)

1.04 (0.91–1.19)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b

1.0 (ref.)

1.20 (1.00–1.45)

1.29 (1.16–1.43)

0.97 (0.81–1.14)

1.03 (0.90–1.18)

Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c

1.0 (ref.)

1.08 (0.90–1.31)

1.19 (1.07–1.33)

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

1.01 (0.88–1.15)

  1. Data are shown through 1 February 2021.
  2. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.
  3. aConditioned upon age and date of study entry.
  4. bAdditional conditioning upon sex and adjustment for personal history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, current smoking status, body mass index, and prior reported history of COVID-19 infection.
  5. cAdditional adjustment for frontline healthcare worker status, region, and education and income at the community level (except in models for a given strata).
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