Fig. 6: The induction of trained immunity in the pancreas has anti-tumor effects.

a Experimental schema. b C57BL/6 mice received a single IP injection of WGP or PBS and 7 days mice were implanted orthotopically with KPC pancreatic cancer cells. Representative pictures of tumors and quantitative analysis of tumor weight are shown. Tumor weight was measured at day 21 (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 12). ***p = 0.0004. c C57BL/6 mice (n = 4) received a single i.p. injection of WGP or PBS and 7 days later were implanted orthotopically with KPC^+Luc pancreatic cancer cells. On day 21 post tumor implantation, mice were given I.P. luciferin bioluminescent substrate and were placed in a photon imager to measure tumor size in vivo. *p = 0.0403. d Survival of mice in the experimental schema shown in a, using KPC cells (n = 5). **p = 0.0018. e Phenotyping of the tumors showing the percent of viable cells that are CD45⁺, the percent of the CD45⁺ population that are CD11b⁺, and the percent of CD11b⁺ cells that are F4/80⁺ (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 9). *p = 0.0165 (CD45), ***p = 0.0001 (CD11b), **p = 0.0034 (F4/80). f TNFα production in CD11b⁺ cells from PBS and 7-day WGP-trained that were restimulated with LPS. Percent of TNFα⁺ cells and the MFI of TNFα are shown (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 9). **p = 0.007, ***p = 0.0002. g Summarized data of TNFα production in CD11b⁺F4/80⁺ cells from PBS and 7-day WGP-trained that were restimulated with LPS. Percent of TNFα⁺ cells and the MFI of TNFα are shown (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 9). *p = 0.0155, ***p = 0.0001. h Tumor weight was correlated with the percent of CD45⁺ immune cells that were CD11b⁺ (left) and the percent of CD45⁺CD11b⁺TNFα⁺ cells (right). (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 9). i Summarized data of the percent of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells expressing IFNγ (PBS n = 10, WGP n = 9) Data were represented as mean ± SEM. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure the strength of the linear associations and unpaired, two-tailed student’s t-tests were used otherwise. ns not significant. Each sample represents a biologically independent animal obtained over a single independent experiment which was repeated at least twice for verification of results.