Fig. 4: Relationship between ECI using TMS–EEG and resting-state EEG.

The x-axis represents ECI using TMS–EEG, and the y-axis represents ECI using resting-state EEG for arousal (left) and awareness (right). The gray dashed lines indicate the optimal cutoff (0.5) dividing the space into high and low states of ECI. The solid lines represent linear fits to the data. a In anesthesia and wakefulness before anesthetics, the orange, copper, and purple dots indicate the use of ketamine, propofol, and xenon, respectively. In addition, cross markers indicate normal wakefulness before each anesthetic. b In patients with disorders of consciousness, the orange and purple dots indicate MCS and UWS patients, respectively.