Fig. 2: Global biogeography of rarity for bony fishes (a–Actinopterygii) and cartilaginous fishes (c–Elasmobranchii) across High Seas.

The functional index used here was distinctiveness. Plots a and c illustrate the numbers of rare species found in each 2° grid cell (species that are rare both taxonomically and functionally (distinct)). Plots b and d show the Standardized Effect Sizes (SES). For results using functional uniqueness, see Supplementary Fig. 5.