Fig. 3: Illustration of the latitudinal biogeographic distribution of different metrics: species richness (a and b), positive SES ( > = 2) based on distinctiveness (from c to f).

a, b plot the distribution of species richness in relation to latitude for Actinopterygii (left plots) and Elasmobranchi (right plots) respectively. Plots from c and d represent Coastal Systems, while e and f show the SES distribution for the High Seas. Here we use the probability of species occurrences higher than 0.9 (see Supplementary Fig. 6 for the latitudinal results found using probability > 0.7 and > 0.5).