Fig. 1: Postoperative AIC stimulates NETs release both in peripheral blood and abdominal infectious site.

A Left panel: representative immunofluorescence co-staining of DNA (Hochest and Sytox), Cit-H3 (citrullinated histone-3) and MPO (myeloperoxidase) to assess NETs formation in the neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood of control, Non-AIC, AIC and AIC + DNase I groups; Right panel: plasma and serum levels of MPO–DNA in GC patients with control, Non-AIC and AIC; B Preoperative and postoperative serum MPO–DNA levels between Non-AIC and AIC groups; C Representative SEM (scan electron microscopy) of neutrophils isolated from preoperative and postoperative ascites fluid between Non-AIC and AIC groups. Green arrows point to extracellular meshes of NETs and white arrows point to neutrophils; D Preoperative and postoperative ascites fluid MPO–DNA levels between Non-AIC and AIC groups; E Representative images of HE and immunofluorescence staining of DNA, Cit-H3, and MPO in omental tissues among AIC, Non-AIC, and control groups; F Quantification of NETs in omental tissues among AIC, Non-AIC, and control groups. Data represent the mean ± S.D. in A, F (n = 10 per group); one-way ANOVA with Tukey test was used in A, F; paired and unpaired Student’s t-tests were used in B, D (n = 10 per group). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.