Table 2 Bounds on the maximum explanatory power of W (partial R2), if it were as strong as: (i) 20 leading genomic principal components (1× PCs); (ii) observed batch and center (1× Batch+Center); and, (iii) smoking and drinking status (1× Alc.+Smok.).

From: Robust Mendelian randomization in the presence of residual population stratification, batch effects and horizontal pleiotropy

 

Bound partial R2 with genetic IV

Bound partial R2 with trait

W as strong as

PRS (Genetic IV)

BMI (Exposure)

DBP (Outcome)

Deprivation (Outcome)

1× PCs

0.20%

0.11%

0.05%

0.37%

1× Batch+Center

0.06%

0.07%

0.84%

15.76%

1× Alc.+Smok.

0.10%

2.97%

0.34%

4.50%

  1. BMI Body Mass Index, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, IV Instrumental Variable, MR Mendelian Randomization, PCs Principal Components, RV Robustness Value.
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