Table 1 Summary of phenotypes of mutant mice.
| Â | Kastor KO | Polluks KO | dKO | VDAC3 KO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fertility and number of pups | Fertile but reduced number of pups | Fertile but reduced number of pups | Severely impaired fertility | Infertile |
Proportion of bent spermatozoa | Increased | Normal | Increased | Increased |
Spermatozoan mitochondrial morphology | Nonuniform size | Elongation in irregular directions and flattened shape | Nonuniform size, elongation in irregular directions, and flattened shape | Nonuniform size, elongation in irregular directions, and flattened shape |
Gap between spermatozoan head and mitochondrial sheath | None | None | None | Yes |
Length of mitochondrial sheath | Normal | Normal | Normal | Shortened |
Spermatozoan metabolism | Â | Â | No significant differences | No significant differences |
Spermatozoan mPTP opening and apoptosis | Â | Â | No significant differences | No significant differences |
