Fig. 6: Practical application of NO3−RR to NH4+ route in simulated wastewater.
From: Subnanometric alkaline-earth oxide clusters for sustainable nitrate to ammonia photosynthesis

a In situ DRIFTS for ethylene glycol (EG, hole sacrificial agent) oxidation during the NO3−RR. b Ammonia synthesis rates and selectivity evaluation by adding different types of simulated wastewater into the catalysis system (Catal. Sys.), including the organic matter (phenol, benzyl alcohol and formaldehyde), cation (Co2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+) and anion (SO42−, PO43− and CO32−) contaminants correspondingly. As for the condition of formaldehyde, the catalytic tests were conducted with and without EG respectively.