Fig. 2: Synthesis approach to the 3D fully π-extended curved single-stranded CNS.
From: Synthesis of a magnetic π-extended carbon nanosolenoid with Riemann surfaces

Reagents and conditions: (i) M1 (1.0 equiv.), M2 (1.0 equiv.), K2CO3 (10 equiv.), Aliquat 336 (5 mol%), Pd(PPh3)4 (10 mol%), Ar, toluene/H2O (v/v, 5:1), 110 °C, 5 days; (ii) P1 (1.0 equiv.), DDQ (14 equiv.), TfOH, Ar, anhydrous CH2Cl2, 0 °C, 15 h.