Fig. 3: Autoantibodies stratify COVID-19 patients by disease severity.
From: Autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associate with COVID-19 severity
a Principal component analysis (PCA) with spectral decomposition based on 17 different anti-GPCR-autoantibodies show the stratification of moderate (n = 63) and severe (n = 32) COVID-19 patients from mild (n = 74) COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (n = 77). Variables with positive correlation point to the same side of the plot, contrasting with negatively correlated variables, which point to opposite sides. Only autoantibodies highly contributing to the stratification of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients from mild patients and healthy controls are shown. Small circles are concentration ellipses around the mean points of each group. Histograms aside the PCA represent the density of the sample (individual) distribution. b Graphs of variables (antibodies) obtained by PCA of COVID-19 mild, moderate and severe groups and healthy controls, indicating the autoantibodies highly associated with moderate and severe COVID-19. The color scale bar indicates the contribution of each autoantibody to the principal component (PC). c Biplot of individuals (dark gray dots: c control, Mo moderate; Mi mild; S severe) and variables (autoantibodies: blue names) of same groups as in (a). Individuals with a similar autoantibody profile are grouped together. Healthy controls n = 77; COVID-19 groups: mild n = 74, moderate n = 63, and severe n = 32. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
