Fig. 8: Fast oscillations host coactivation during memory retrieval.
From: De novo inter-regional coactivations of preconfigured local ensembles support memory
a Representative examples of BLA–PL5 (left) and vCA1–PL5 (right) coactivation, as in Fig. 4a, but during cue-retention/extinction sessions. b, c Coactivation-triggered average of LFP wavelet power (b), and oscillatory event-triggered average of instantaneous coactivation strength (c) during cue-retention/extinction sessions. Only reappeared-ensemble-pairs were used. The black arrows and arrowhead in (b) indicate the peaks reflecting SWRs/aHFOs/cRipples in vCA1/BLA/PL5 and γslow in PL5, respectively. In panel (c), the BLA–PL5 and vCA1–PL5 ensemble pairs were sorted based on the height of HFO- and SWR- triggered average peaks around time 0, respectively. d Box plots indicate coactivation event rates of reappeared-ensemble-pairs within/outside oscillatory events during cue-retention/extinction sessions. The centre lines and limits of the boxes represent median and quartiles, respectively, and whiskers extend to the maxima and minima with outliers excluded. Open circles indicate individual data points, including outliers, with random horizontal jitters for visualisation. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, WSR-test. e Proportions of reappeared-ensemble-pairs that significantly (p < 0.01, tested using random jittering analysis; see “Methods”) reduced CCG peak height and that lost significant peaks on CCG by excluding time bins containing SWRs, aHFOs, cRipples, or γslow. f Proportion of reappeared-ensemble-pairs for which coactivation event rates indicated significant positive or negative modulation by freezing behaviour (top) or cue presentation (bottom). Horizontal bars indicate the chance level (5%). ***p < 0.001, χ2 test. g, h Cue-onset-triggered averages of the coactivation event rates in BLA–PL5 (g) and vCA1–PL5 (h) ensemble pairs. In the left panels, the line and shaded area indicate the mean and SEM, respectively. Periods in which the event rates of reappeared-ensemble-pairs were significantly different from those of other ensemble pairs are indicated with black ticks on the top (p < 0.05, WSR-test). Right panels are violin plots showing event rates in periods 0.05–0.55 s prior to/following cue onsets (baseline and cue, respectively). White dots and lines represent medians and quartiles, respectively. Individual data points of reappeared-ensemble-pairs are shown with open circles with horizontal random jitters for visualisation. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, post hoc TK test following two-way ANOVA on the ranks. For (b–h), data obtained from the entire cue-retention/extinction session were used, and the numbers of analysed ensemble pairs are summarised in Supplementary Table 6. In (e) and (f), the numbers of pairs are superimposed on the top of the bars. Detailed statistics are shown in Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
