Table 2 Performance of Image and Signal Based Models on the external validation set PTB-XL.

Model	Label	Accuracy	PPV	NPV	Specificity	Sensitivity	AUROC	F1	AUPRC
Image	Male	0.810	0.784	0.845	0.738	0.876	0.899 (0.895–0.903)	0.827	0.904
	1dAVb	0.960	0.457	0.984	0.974	0.573	0.946 (0.940–0.953)	0.508	0.457
	RBBB	0.989	0.712	0.998	0.990	0.939	0.996 (0.995–0.997)	0.81	0.793
	LBBB	0.993	0.823	0.998	0.995	0.898	0.997 (0.995–0.998)	0.859	0.902
	SB	0.980	0.673	0.989	0.991	0.641	0.954 (0.945–0.963)	0.656	0.641
	AF	0.986	0.898	0.992	0.992	0.898	0.993 (0.990–0.995)	0.898	0.934
	ST	0.984	0.759	0.994	0.990	0.838	0.991 (0.989–0.993)	0.796	0.809
	Weighted mean	0.982	0.743	0.992	0.989	0.805	0.981 (0.977–0.984)	0.770	0.776
Signal	Male	0.651	0.615	0.759	0.398	0.883	0.740 (0.733–0.746)	0.725	0.748
	1dAVb	0.919	0.190	0.976	0.939	0.377	0.862 (0.852–0.872)	0.253	0.177
	RBBB	0.985	0.660	0.996	0.989	0.847	0.986 (0.981–0.992)	0.742	0.729
	LBBB	0.991	0.819	0.996	0.996	0.824	0.995 (0.993–0.997)	0.821	0.87
	SB	0.980	0.659	0.990	0.989	0.680	0.955 (0.947–0.963)	0.669	0.642
	AF	0.957	0.676	0.981	0.974	0.742	0.972 (0.969–0.975)	0.707	0.729
	ST	0.982	0.745	0.991	0.990	0.779	0.987 (0.983–0.990)	0.762	0.794
	Weighted mean	0.965	0.619	0.986	0.977	0.701	0.958 (0.953–0.963)	0.653	0.653

1dAVB 1st degree AV block, AF atrial fibrillation, AUPRC area under precision recall curve, AUROC area under receiver operator characteristic curve, LBBB left bundle branch block, NPV negative predictive value. PPV positive predictive value, RBBB right bundle branch block, SB sinus bradycardia, ST sinus tachycardia.

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