Fig. 4: Relationships among M1 and M1-like strains.
From: Zoonotic origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium malariae from African apes
a Character-based phylogenetic network showing relationships between all three M1-like strains and a subset of the highest coverage M1 genomes (PmUG01, GN01, MA01, MOpte51017, MY01, UAN, THA05), based on 990 SNPs from 45 kb of sequence callable in all genomes. Dashed arcs indicate the M1 and M1-like groups of parasites. The reticulation at the centre of the network represents alternative paths introduced by incompatible SNPs, for example in which Ptv_Leo and GA02 share an allele rather than Ptv_Leo and GA01 as in most SNPs. b Character-based phylogenetic network of all available M1 genomes, including P. brasilianum and a sample derived from a chimpanzee (MOpte51017), based on 2,050 SNPs from 1.1 Mb of sequence. The two clusters correspond to strains from Asia (upper left cluster) and Africa (lower right cluster). P. brasilianum and MOpte51017 cluster with the African human strains. Scale bars indicate substitutions/site. Strain names are coloured according to their host or geographical origin, as indicated in the key.
