Fig. 3: Comparison of seasonal influenza virus evolution before and since COVID-19 emergence. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Comparison of seasonal influenza virus evolution before and since COVID-19 emergence.

From: Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination

Fig. 3

A Evolutionary relationships and divergence times of HA genes inferred using maximum likelihood (see Online Methods section). Tips are colored by WHO clade designations. Phylogenetic trees of major clades that continued to circulate during 2020/2021 (marked in A) are shown in Supplementary Figs. 1–4, including A(H3N2) clades A1b/94N and A1b/186D; A(H1N1) clade 6b1.A/187A lineages in West Africa; and B/Victoria lineages from several regions around the world. B Timeline of recently circulating seasonal influenza virus HA clades from mean estimated divergence time to most recent sequence. Time since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic is shaded in gray.

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